nordiag

Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways

Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways

Human cancer cells typically harbour multiple chromosomal aberrations, nucleotide substitutions and epigenetic modifications that drive malignant transformation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pilot project aims to assess the value of large-scale multi-dimensional analysis of these molecular characteristics in human cancer and to provide the data rapidly to the research community.
Here we report the interim integrative analysis of DNA copy number, gene expression and DNA methylation aberrations in 206 glioblastomas–the most common type of adult brain cancer–and nucleotide sequence aberrations in 91 of the 206 glioblastomas. This analysis provides new insights into the roles of ERBB2, NF1 and TP53, uncovers frequent mutations of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase regulatory subunit gene PIK3R1, and provides a network view of the pathways altered in the development of glioblastoma.

Rat heat shock protein 40(hSP-40)ELISA Kit

GA-E0527RT-48T 48T
EUR 380.4

Rat heat shock protein 40(hSP-40)ELISA Kit

GA-E0527RT-96T 96T
EUR 595.2

Rat Heat shock protein 40(Hsp-40) ELISA Kit

NSL0481r 96 Tests
EUR 498

Rat heat shock protein 40(hSP-40)ELISA Kit

QY-E11125 96T
EUR 433.2

Rat heat shock protein 40,hSP-40 ELISA Kit

SL0334Ra -
EUR 498

Rat heat shock protein 40,hSP-40 ELISA Kit

YLA1006RA-48T 48T Ask for price

Rat heat shock protein 40,hSP-40 ELISA Kit

YLA1006RA-96T 96T Ask for price

Goat Heat shock protein 40(Hsp-40) ELISA Kit

NSL0606Gt 96T
EUR 528

Human Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

201-12-1770 96 tests
EUR 528
Description: A quantitative ELISA kit for measuring Human in samples from biological fluids.

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40,Hsp-40 Elisa Kit

EK730170 96 Wells
EUR 0.66

Human Heat Shock Protein 40(HSP-40) Elisa Kit

EK711018 96 Wells
EUR 0.13

Human Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

CN-03555H1 96T
EUR 567.6

Human Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

CN-03555H2 48T
EUR 387.6

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40,Hsp-40 ELISA Kit

CN-02742M1 96T
EUR 548.4

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40,Hsp-40 ELISA Kit

CN-02742M2 48T
EUR 367.2

Human Heat Shock Protein 40(HSP-40)ELISA Kit

GA-E1786HM-48T 48T
EUR 346.8

Human Heat Shock Protein 40(HSP-40)ELISA Kit

GA-E1786HM-96T 96T
EUR 559.2

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40(Hsp-40)ELISA Kit

GA-E0316MS-48T 48T
EUR 403.2

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40(Hsp-40)ELISA Kit

GA-E0316MS-96T 96T
EUR 640.8

Human heat shock protein 40(Hsp-40)ELISA Kit

NSL1987Hu 96 wells
EUR 468

Mouse heat shock protein 40(hSP-40)ELISA Kit

QY-E20713 96T
EUR 433.2

Human Heat Shock Protein 40(HSP-40)ELISA Kit

QY-E01789 96T
EUR 433.2

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40,Hsp-40 ELISA Kit

SL0254Mo -
EUR 528

Human Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

SL0828Hu 96 Tests
EUR 468

Human Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

YLA2764HU-48T 48T Ask for price

Human Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

YLA2764HU-96T 96T Ask for price

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40,Hsp-40 ELISA Kit

YLA0764MO-48T 48T Ask for price

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40,Hsp-40 ELISA Kit

YLA0764MO-96T 96T Ask for price

Bovine Heat shock protein 40(Hsp-40) ELISA Kit

NSL0396Bo 96 T
EUR 528

Canine Heat shock protein 40(Hsp-40) ELISA Kit

NSL0472Ca 567 wells
EUR 528

Porcine Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 Elisa Kit

EK751034 96 Wells
EUR 0.87

Chicken Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

CN-00814C1 96T
EUR 546

Chicken Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

CN-00814C2 48T
EUR 364.8

PoFAine Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

CN-01299P1 96T
EUR 548.4

PoFAine Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

CN-01299P2 48T
EUR 367.2

Porcine Heat shock protein 40(Hsp-40) ELISA Kit

NSL0508Po 96T
EUR 528

Chicken Heat shock protein 40(Hsp-40) ELISA Kit

NSL0660Ch 755 T
EUR 528

Porcine Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

SL0051Po -
EUR 528

Porcine Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

YLA0293PO-48T 48T Ask for price

Porcine Heat Shock Protein 40,HSP-40 ELISA Kit

YLA0293PO-96T 96T Ask for price

Rat HSP-40(Heat Shock Protein 40) ELISA Kit

RE2082R-48wells 48 wells
EUR 125.55

Rat HSP-40(Heat Shock Protein 40) ELISA Kit

RE2082R-96wells 96 wells
EUR 179.55

Human HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40) ELISA Kit

EKE61079-5x96T 5x96T
EUR 2667.6

Human HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40) ELISA Kit

EKE61079-96T 96T
EUR 561.6

HSP-40 ELISA Kit| Rat Heat Shock Protein 40 ELISA Kit

EF017811 96 Tests
EUR 826.8

Guinea pig Heat shock protein 40(Hsp-40) ELISA Kit

NSL0681Gp 96T
EUR 528

ELISA kit for Rat HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40)

E-EL-R0477 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 452.4
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Rat HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant

ELISA kit for Mouse HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40)

E-EL-M0617 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 452.4
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Mouse HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant

ELISA kit for Human HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40)

E-EL-H1861 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 452.4
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Human HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 40 ELISA kit

E01A31300 96T
EUR 700
Description: ELISA

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 40 ELISA kit

E04H0292-192T 192 tests
EUR 1524
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 40 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 40 ELISA kit

E04H0292-48 1 plate of 48 wells
EUR 624
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 40 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 40 ELISA kit

E04H0292-96 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 822
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 40 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 40 ELISA Kit

ELA-E0872Rb 96 Tests
EUR 1113.6

Porcine heat shock protein (HSP - 40) ELISA Kit

QY-E40085 96T
EUR 480

Rat heat shock Protein 40, hSP-40 GENLISA ELISA

KLR0519 1 x 96 wells
EUR 341

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40, Hsp-40 GENLISA ELISA

KLM0303 1 x 96 wells
EUR 341

Human Heat Shock Protein 40, HSP-40 GENLISA ELISA

KBH1769 1 x 96 wells
EUR 286

Chicken Heat Shock Protein 40, HSP-40 GENLISA ELISA

KLC0166 1 x 96 wells
EUR 341

Porcine Heat Shock Protein 40, HSP-40 GENLISA ELISA

KLP0241 1 x 96 wells
EUR 341

Rat heat shock protein 40,hSP-41 ELISA Kit

CN-01864R2 48T
EUR 358.8

Rat Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP-40) CLIA Kit

abx197106-96tests 96 tests
EUR 990

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP-40) CLIA Kit

abx197105-96tests 96 tests
EUR 990

Rat HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-R0324-24Tests 24 Tests
EUR 180
Description: Sandwich

Rat HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-R0324-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 546
Description: Sandwich

Rat HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-R0324-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 682
Description: Sandwich

Rat HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-R0324-96Tests10 96 Tests *10
EUR 6820
Description: Sandwich

Rat HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-R0324-96Tests5 96 Tests *5
EUR 3410
Description: Sandwich

Human HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-H1151-24Tests 24 Tests
EUR 180
Description: Sandwich

Human HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-H1151-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 546
Description: Sandwich

Human HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-H1151-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 682
Description: Sandwich

Human HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-H1151-96Tests10 96 Tests *10
EUR 6820
Description: Sandwich

Human HSP-40 -Heat Shock Protein 40- CLIA Kit

E-CL-H1151-96Tests5 96 Tests *5
EUR 3410
Description: Sandwich

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20 HSP 20 ELISA kit

E01A31297 96T
EUR 700
Description: ELISA

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20 HSP 20 ELISA kit

E04H0285-192T 192 tests
EUR 1524
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20 HSP 20 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20 HSP 20 ELISA kit

E04H0285-48 1 plate of 48 wells
EUR 624
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20 HSP 20 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20 HSP 20 ELISA kit

E04H0285-96 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 822
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20 HSP 20 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

CLIA kit for Rat HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40)

E-CL-R0324 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 700.8
Description: A sandwich CLIA kit for quantitative measurement of Rat HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70 HSP-70 ELISA Kit

E01A31302 96T
EUR 700
Description: ELISA

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70 HSP-70 ELISA kit

E04H0301-192T 192 tests
EUR 1524
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70 HSP-70 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70 HSP-70 ELISA kit

E04H0301-48 1 plate of 48 wells
EUR 624
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70 HSP-70 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70 HSP-70 ELISA kit

E04H0301-96 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 822
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70 HSP-70 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 90,HSP-90 ELISA Kit

CN-00634R1 96T
EUR 553.2

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 90,HSP-90 ELISA Kit

CN-00634R2 48T
EUR 372

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70,HSP-70 ELISA Kit

CN-00635R1 96T
EUR 553.2

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70,HSP-70 ELISA Kit

CN-00635R2 48T
EUR 372

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20,HSP-20 ELISA Kit

CN-00637R1 96T
EUR 553.2

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20,HSP-20 ELISA Kit

CN-00637R2 48T
EUR 372

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20,HSP-20 ELISA Kit

GA-E0087RB-48T 48T
EUR 391.2

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20,HSP-20 ELISA Kit

GA-E0087RB-96T 96T
EUR 628.8

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70,HSP-70 ELISA Kit

GA-E0089RB-48T 48T
EUR 391.2

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70,HSP-70 ELISA Kit

GA-E0089RB-96T 96T
EUR 628.8

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 90,HSP-90 ELISA Kit

GA-E0090RB-48T 48T
EUR 391.2

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 90,HSP-90 ELISA Kit

GA-E0090RB-96T 96T
EUR 628.8

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 90,HSP-90 ELISA Kit

QY-E30209 96T
EUR 448.8

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70,HSP-70 ELISA Kit

QY-E30210 96T
EUR 448.8

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20,HSP-20 ELISA Kit

QY-E30212 96T
EUR 448.8

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 20,HSP-20 ELISA Kit

SL0086Rb -
EUR 498

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70,HSP-70 ELISA Kit

SL0088Rb -
EUR 498

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 90,HSP-90 ELISA Kit

SL0089Rb -
EUR 498

CLIA kit for Human HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40)

E-CL-H1151 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 700.8
Description: A sandwich CLIA kit for quantitative measurement of Human HSP-40 (Heat Shock Protein 40) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant

Rabbit Heat shock protein HSP 90- beta, HSP90AB1 ELISA KIT

ELI-27130Ra 96 Tests
EUR 1113.6

Rabbit Heat shock protein HSP 90- alpha, HSP90AA1 ELISA KIT

ELI-02919Ra 96 Tests
EUR 1113.6

Rabbit Heat Shock Protein 70, HSP-70 GENLISA ELISA

KLX0336 1 x 96 wells
EUR 341

ELISA Kit for Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40)

SEA872Hu 96Т
EUR 630

ELISA Kit for Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40)

SEA872Mu 96Т
EUR 648

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

DLR-HSP40-Hu 96T
EUR 422
Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

DLR-HSP40-Hu-48T 48T
EUR 574.8
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

DLR-HSP40-Hu-96T 96T
EUR 745.2
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

DLR-HSP40-Mu 96T
EUR 432
Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

DLR-HSP40-Mu-48T 48T
EUR 586.8
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

DLR-HSP40-Mu-96T 96T
EUR 762
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKU04666-48T 48T
EUR 500.5

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKU04666-5x96T 5x96T
EUR 3396.25

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKU04666-96T 96T
EUR 715

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKU04667-48T 48T
EUR 514.08

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKU04667-5x96T 5x96T
EUR 3488.4

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKU04667-96T 96T
EUR 734.4

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKN45777-48T 48T
EUR 341.04

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKN45777-5x96T 5x96T
EUR 2314.2

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKN45777-96T 96T
EUR 487.2

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKN45778-48T 48T
EUR 350.42

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKN45778-5x96T 5x96T
EUR 2377.85

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EKN45778-96T 96T
EUR 500.6

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

DL-HSP40-Hu 96T
EUR 402
Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

DL-HSP40-Mu 96T
EUR 412
Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EK10554 96Т
EUR 799

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

EK14543 96Т
EUR 768

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

AE47006MO-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 360
Description: Mouse (Mus musculus)

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

AE47006MO-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 680
Description: Mouse (Mus musculus)

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RK07380 96T
EUR 280

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RDR-HSP40-Hu-48T 48T
EUR 432.39
Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RDR-HSP40-Hu-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 600

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RDR-HSP40-Hu-96T 96T
EUR 617.72
Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RDR-HSP40-Hu-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 830.4

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RDR-HSP40-Mu-48T 48T
EUR 443.42
Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RDR-HSP40-Mu-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 613.2

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RDR-HSP40-Mu-96T 96T
EUR 633.47
Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.

Mouse Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RDR-HSP40-Mu-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 850.8

Human Heat Shock Protein 40 (HSP40) ELISA Kit

RD-HSP40-Hu-48T 48T
EUR 411.8
Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.

nordiag

Furthermore, integration of mutation, DNA methylation and clinical treatment data reveals a link between MGMT promoter methylation and a hypermutator phenotype consequent to mismatch repair deficiency in treated glioblastomas, an observation with potential clinical implications. Together, these findings establish the feasibility and power of TCGA, demonstrating that it can rapidly expand knowledge of the molecular basis of cancer.

The sequence of the human genome

A 2.91-billion base pair (bp) consensus sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome was generated by the whole-genome shotgun sequencing method. The 14.8-billion bp DNA sequence was generated over 9 months from 27,271,853 high-quality sequence reads (5.11-fold coverage of the genome) from both ends of plasmid clones made from the DNA of five individuals. Two assembly strategies-a whole-genome assembly and a regional chromosome assembly-were used, each combining sequence data from Celera and the publicly funded genome effort.
The public data were shredded into 550-bp segments to create a 2.9-fold coverage of those genome regions that had been sequenced, without including biases inherent in the cloning and assembly procedure used by the publicly funded group. This brought the effective coverage in the assemblies to eightfold, reducing the number and size of gaps in the final assembly over what would be obtained with 5.11-fold coverage. The two assembly strategies yielded very similar results that largely agree with independent mapping data. The assemblies effectively cover the euchromatic regions of the human chromosomes.
More than 90% of the genome is in scaffold assemblies of 100,000 bp or more, and 25% of the genome is in scaffolds of 10 million bp or larger. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed 26,588 protein-encoding transcripts for which there was strong corroborating evidence and an additional approximately 12,000 computationally derived genes with mouse matches or other weak supporting evidence.
Although gene-dense clusters are obvious, almost half the genes are dispersed in low G+C sequence separated by large tracts of apparently noncoding sequence. Only 1.1% of the genome is spanned by exons, whereas 24% is in introns, with 75% of the genome being intergenic DNA. Duplications of segmental blocks, ranging in size up to chromosomal lengths, are abundant throughout the genome and reveal a complex evolutionary history. Comparative genomic analysis indicates vertebrate expansions of genes associated with neuronal function, with tissue-specific developmental regulation, and with the hemostasis and immune systems.
DNA sequence comparisons between the consensus sequence and publicly funded genome data provided locations of 2.1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A random pair of human haploid genomes differed at a rate of 1 bp per 1250 on average, but there was marked heterogeneity in the level of polymorphism across the genome. Less than 1% of all SNPs resulted in variation in proteins, but the task of determining which SNPs have functional consequences remains an open challenge.

Arlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis

Arlequin ver 3.0 is a software package integrating several basic and advanced methods for population genetics data analysis, like the computation of standard genetic diversity indices, the estimation of allele and haplotype frequencies, tests of departure from linkage equilibrium, departure from selective neutrality and demographic equilibrium, estimation or parameters from past population expansions, and thorough analyses of population subdivision under the AMOVA framework.
Arlequin 3 introduces a completely new graphical interface written in C++, a more robust semantic analysis of input files, and two new methods: a Bayesian estimation of gametic phase from multi-locus genotypes, and an estimation of the parameters of an instantaneous spatial expansion from DNAsequence polymorphism. Arlequin can handle several data types like DNA sequences, microsatellite data, or standard multi-locus genotypes. A Windows version of the software is freely available on http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3.

Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer

Breast cancer patients with the same stage of disease can have markedly different treatment responses and overall outcome. The strongest predictors for metastases (for example, lymph node status and histological grade) fail to classify accurately breast tumours according to their clinical behaviour. Chemotherapy or hormonal therapy reduces the risk of distant metastases by approximately one-third; however, 70-80% of patients receiving this treatment would have survived without it.
None of the signatures of breast cancer gene expression reported to date allow for patient-tailored therapy strategies. Here we used DNA microarray analysis on primary breast tumours of 117 young patients, and applied supervised classification to identify a gene expression signature strongly predictive of a short interval to distant metastases (‘poor prognosis’ signature) in patients without tumour cells in local lymph nodes at diagnosis (lymph node negative).
In addition, we established a signature that identifies tumours of BRCA1 carriers. The poor prognosis signature consists of genes regulating cell cycle, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. This gene expression profile will outperform all currently used clinical parameters in predicting disease outcome. Our findings provide a strategy to select patients who would benefit from adjuvant therapy.

Dnalc4 Recombinant Protein (Mouse)

RP129641 100 ug Ask for price

Dnalc4 ORF Vector (Mouse) (pORF)

ORF043215 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 607.2

Lenti ORF clone of Dnalc4 (mGFP-tagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 4 (Dnalc4)

MR200362L4 10 µg Ask for price

Lenti ORF clone of Dnalc4 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 4 (Dnalc4)

MR200362L3 10 µg Ask for price

Lenti ORF particles, Dnalc4 (GFP-tagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 4 (Dnalc4), 200ul, >10^7 TU/mL

MR200362L4V 200 µl Ask for price

Dnalc4 3'UTR GFP Stable Cell Line

TU155288 1.0 ml Ask for price

Dnalc4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector set (Mouse)

K4997501 3 x 1.0 ug
EUR 406.8

Lenti ORF particles, Dnalc4 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 4 (Dnalc4), 200ul, >10^7 TU/mL

MR200362L3V 200 µl Ask for price

Dnalc4 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPM-C-HA)

PV172860 500 ng
EUR 723.6

Dnalc4 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPB-C-His)

PV172858 500 ng
EUR 723.6

Dnalc4 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPB-N-His)

PV172859 500 ng
EUR 723.6

Dnalc4 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPM-C-His)

PV172861 500 ng
EUR 723.6

Dnalc4 3'UTR Luciferase Stable Cell Line

TU105288 1.0 ml Ask for price

Dnalc4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 1)

K4997502 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Dnalc4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 2)

K4997503 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Dnalc4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 3)

K4997504 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Dnal4 (untagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 4 (Dnalc4), (10ug)

MC200472 10 µg Ask for price

Dnalc4 sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector set (Mouse)

K4997505 3 x 1.0 ug
EUR 451.2

Dnalc4 sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 1)

K4997506 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 200.4

Dnalc4 sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 2)

K4997507 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 200.4

Dnalc4 sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 3)

K4997508 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 200.4

ARP62201_P050-25UL - Dnalc1 Antibody - C-terminal region

ARP62201_P050-25UL 25ul
EUR 99

ARP62201_P050 - Dnalc1 Antibody - C-terminal region (ARP62201_P050)

ARP62201_P050 100ul
EUR 389

Dnalc4 - Mouse shRNA lentiviral particles (4 unique 29mer target-specific shRNA, 1 scramble control), 0.5 ml each, >10^7 TU/ml.

TL502994V 500 ul each Ask for price

Lenti ORF particles, Dnalc1 (GFP-tagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 1 (Dnalc1), 200ul, >10^7 TU/mL

MR216479L4V 200 µl Ask for price

Dnalc1 (GFP-tagged) - Mouse dynein axonemal light chain 1 (Dnalc1), (10ug)

MG216479 10 µg Ask for price

Dnalc1 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 1 (Dnalc1)

MR216479 10 µg Ask for price

Lenti ORF particles, Dnalc1 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 1 (Dnalc1), 200ul, >10^7 TU/mL

MR216479L3V 200 µl Ask for price

Lenti ORF clone of Dnalc1 (mGFP-tagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 1 (Dnalc1)

MR216479L4 10 µg Ask for price

Lenti ORF clone of Dnalc1 (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 1 (Dnalc1)

MR216479L3 10 µg Ask for price

Dnalc1 ORF Vector (Mouse) (pORF)

ORF043214 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 607.2

Dnalc1 3'UTR GFP Stable Cell Line

TU155287 1.0 ml Ask for price

Dnalc1 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPM-C-HA)

PV172856 500 ng
EUR 723.6

Dnalc1 Recombinant Protein (Mouse)

RP129638 100 ug Ask for price

Dnalc1 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPB-C-His)

PV172854 500 ng
EUR 723.6

Dnalc1 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPB-N-His)

PV172855 500 ng
EUR 723.6

Dnalc1 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPM-C-His)

PV172857 500 ng
EUR 723.6

Dnalc1 3'UTR Luciferase Stable Cell Line

TU105287 1.0 ml Ask for price

Dnalc1 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector set (Mouse)

K4077601 3 x 1.0 ug
EUR 406.8

Dnal1 (untagged) - Mouse dynein, axonemal, light chain 1 (Dnalc1), (10ug)

MC212110 10 µg Ask for price

Dnalc1 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 1)

K4077602 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Dnalc1 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 2)

K4077603 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Dnalc1 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 3)

K4077604 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Dnalc1 sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector set (Mouse)

K4077605 3 x 1.0 ug
EUR 451.2

Dnalc1 sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 1)

K4077606 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 200.4

Dnalc1 sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 2)

K4077607 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 200.4

Dnalc1 sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 All-in-One Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 3)

K4077608 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 200.4

Dnalc1 - Mouse shRNA lentiviral particles (4 unique 29mer target-specific shRNA, 1 scramble control), 0.5 ml each, >10^7 TU/ml.

TL505712V 500 ul each Ask for price

DNAL1 antibody

10R-10242 50 ul
EUR 216
Description: Mouse monoclonal DNAL1 antibody

DNAL1 Antibody

24729 100ul
EUR 479

DNAL1 Antibody

24729-100ul 100ul
EUR 468

DNAL1 Antibody

34660 100ul
EUR 319

DNAL1 Antibody

34660-100ul 100ul
EUR 302.4

DNAL1 Antibody

34660-50ul 50ul
EUR 224.4

DNAL1 Antibody

4733-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 206.18
Description: DNAL1 Antibody: DNAL1 was identified as a potential candidate gene for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetically heterologous disorder characterized by chronic infections of the upper and lower airways that often leads to permanent lung damage, randomization of left/right body symmetry, and reduced fertility. DNAL1 is reported to be expressed solely in tissues carrying motile cilia for flagella and interacts with DNAH5, a protein that when mutated has been shown to result in PCD. It has been suggested that DNAL1 serves a regulatory function for DNAH5 activity in outer dynein arms of sperm flagella, respiratory cilia, and ependymal cilia. DNAL1 has also been recently identified as an HIV dependency factor (HDF), suggesting that DNAL1 may be an important drug target in HIV treatment. At least two isoforms of DNAL1 are known to exist.

DNAL1 Antibody

4733-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 523.7
Description: DNAL1 Antibody: DNAL1 was identified as a potential candidate gene for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetically heterologous disorder characterized by chronic infections of the upper and lower airways that often leads to permanent lung damage, randomization of left/right body symmetry, and reduced fertility. DNAL1 is reported to be expressed solely in tissues carrying motile cilia for flagella and interacts with DNAH5, a protein that when mutated has been shown to result in PCD. It has been suggested that DNAL1 serves a regulatory function for DNAH5 activity in outer dynein arms of sperm flagella, respiratory cilia, and ependymal cilia. DNAL1 has also been recently identified as an HIV dependency factor (HDF), suggesting that DNAL1 may be an important drug target in HIV treatment. At least two isoforms of DNAL1 are known to exist.

DNAL1 Antibody

1-CSB-PA683815ESR1HU
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  • 100ul
  • 50ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNAL1. Recognizes DNAL1 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC; Recommended dilution: WB:1:200-1:1000, IHC:1:20-1:200

DNAL1 Antibody

1-CSB-PA007045GA01HU
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  • 150ul
  • 50ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNAL1. Recognizes DNAL1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB

DNAL4 Antibody

1-CSB-PA007046GA01HU
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  • 150ul
  • 50ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNAL4. Recognizes DNAL4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB

DNAL4 Antibody

1-CSB-PA007046LA01HU
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  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNAL4. Recognizes DNAL4 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF; Recommended dilution: WB:1:500-1:2000, IHC:1:20-1:200, IF:1:50-1:200

DNAL1 Antibody

E034660 100μg/100μl
EUR 255
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL1 Antibody

E19-4014 100μg/100μl
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL4 Antibody

E19-9470-1 50ug/50ul
EUR 145
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL4 Antibody

E19-9470-2 100ug/100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL4 Antibody

E10-30478A 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL4 Antibody

E10-30478P 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL4 Antibody

E10-30479A 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL4 Antibody

E10-30479P 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL1 Antibody

E11-15512C 100μg
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL4 Antibody

E11-15515C 100μg
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL1 Antibody

E38PA2804 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL1 Antibody

E315511 100ug/200ul
EUR 295
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL4 Antibody

E94377 100μg
EUR 255
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL1 Antibody

DF4014 200ul
EUR 420

DNAL1 Antibody

DF4014-100ul 100ul
EUR 280

DNAL1 Antibody

DF4014-200ul 200ul
EUR 350

DNAL4 Antibody

DF9470 200ul
EUR 420

DNAL4 Antibody

DF9470-100ul 100ul
EUR 280

DNAL4 Antibody

DF9470-200ul 200ul
EUR 350

DNAL1 Antibody

1-CSB-PA002222
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  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNAL1. Recognizes DNAL1 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/40000

DNAL4 Antibody

1-CSB-PA006388
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  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNAL4. Recognizes DNAL4 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, ELISA;IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/40000

DNAL4 Antibody

45946-100ul 100ul
EUR 302.4

DNAL4 Antibody

45946-50ul 50ul
EUR 224.4

DNAL1 antibody

70R-16893 50 ul
EUR 289
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNAL1 antibody

DNAL4 antibody

70R-16894 50 ul
EUR 289
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNAL4 antibody

DNAL4 antibody

70R-36444 100 ug
EUR 294
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNAL4 antibody

DNAL1 antibody

70R-36965 100 ug
EUR 294
Description: Rabbit Polyclonal DNAL1 antibody

DNAL1 antibody

70R-10420 50 ug
EUR 467
Description: Affinity purified rabbit polyclonal DNAL1 antibody

DNAL1 antibody

70R-51123 100 ul
EUR 242
Description: Purified Polyclonal DNAL1 antibody

DNAL1 Antibody

ABD4014 100 ug
EUR 525.6

DNAL4 Antibody

CAC08370-100ug 100ug
EUR 314

DNAL4 Antibody

CAC08370-50ug 50ug
EUR 199.2

DNAL1 Antibody

CSB-PA568072- each
EUR 402
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNAL1. Recognizes DNAL1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:3000

DNAL1 Antibody

CSB-PA568072-100ul 100ul
EUR 379.2
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNAL1. Recognizes DNAL1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:3000

DNAL1 Antibody

8C15512 50ug
EUR 368
Description: DNAL1 Antibody

DNAL4 Antibody

8C15515 50ug
EUR 368
Description: DNAL4 Antibody

DNAL4 Antibody

ABD9470 100 ug
EUR 525.6

DNAL1 Antibody

GWB-MW514A 50ug Ask for price

anti- DNAL1 antibody

FNab02471 100µg
EUR 658.5
Description: Antibody raised against DNAL1

anti- DNAL4 antibody

FNab02472 100µg
EUR 658.5
Description: Antibody raised against DNAL4

DNA2L Antibody

E19-9453-1 50ug/50ul
EUR 145
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNA2L Antibody

E19-9453-2 100ug/100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNA2L Antibody

DF9453 200ul
EUR 420

DNA2L Antibody

DF9453-100ul 100ul
EUR 280

DNA2L Antibody

DF9453-200ul 200ul
EUR 350

DNA2L Antibody

45931 100ul
EUR 319

DNA2L Antibody

45931-100ul 100ul
EUR 302.4

DNA2L Antibody

45931-50ul 50ul
EUR 224.4

DNA2L antibody

70R-4613 50 ug
EUR 467
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNA2L antibody raised against the middle region of Dna2L

DNA2L Antibody

20-abx149874
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  • 100 ug
  • 50 ug

DNA2L Antibody

ABD9453 100 ug
EUR 525.6

DNA2L Antibody

GWB-MM418D 50ug Ask for price

DNA2L Antibody

abx149874-1096tests 10 × 96 tests Ask for price

DNA2L Antibody

abx149874-596tests 5 × 96 tests
EUR 387.5

DNA2L Antibody

abx149874-96tests 96 tests
EUR 300

DNAL4 Polyclonal Antibody

E912208 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E912601 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E98267 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Polyclonal DNAL1 Antibody

APR15787G 0.1 mg
EUR 790.8
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human DNAL1 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

DNAL1 Conjugated Antibody

C34660 100ul
EUR 476.4

DNAL4 Conjugated Antibody

C45946 100ul
EUR 476.4

DNAL4 Polyclonal Antibody

A62422
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  • Ask for price
  • 100 µg
  • 20 ul
  • 50 ul
  • 100 ul

DNAL4 Polyclonal Antibody

A72394 50 μl
EUR 408

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-19131-120uL 120uL
EUR 240
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-19131-200uL 200uL
EUR 399
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-19131-20uL 20uL
EUR 73
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-19131-60uL 60uL
EUR 143
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-62540-120uL 120uL
EUR 320
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-62540-200uL 200uL
EUR 530
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-62540-60uL 60uL
EUR 200
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-62540-each each Ask for price
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-53049-120uL 120uL
EUR 240
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-53049-200uL 200uL
EUR 399
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-53049-20uL 20uL
EUR 73
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL1 Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-53049-60uL 60uL
EUR 143
Description: Unconjugated

DNAL4 Antibody, HRP conjugated

1-CSB-PA007046LB01HU
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  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNAL4. Recognizes DNAL4 from Human. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

DNALI1 Antibody

1-CSB-PA007047GA01HU
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  • 150ul
  • 50ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNALI1. Recognizes DNALI1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB

DNALI1 Antibody

1-CSB-PA007047LA01HU
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  • Ask for price
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against DNALI1. Recognizes DNALI1 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF; Recommended dilution: WB:1:500-1:2000, IHC:1:20-1:200, IF:1:50-1:200

DNALI1 Antibody

E94190 100μg
EUR 255
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNALI1 Antibody

DF14117 100ul
EUR 420

DNALI1 Antibody

DF14117-100ul 100ul
EUR 280

DNALI1 Antibody

DF14117-200ul 200ul
EUR 350

DNALI1 Antibody

E308034 200ul
EUR 275
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

DNALI1 antibody

43480 100ul
EUR 319

DNALI1 antibody

43480-100ul 100ul
EUR 302.4

DNALI1 antibody

43480-50ul 50ul
EUR 224.4

DNALI1 antibody

70R-16895 50 ul
EUR 289
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNALI1 antibody

DNALI1 antibody

70R-3228 50 ug
EUR 467
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNALI1 antibody raised against the C terminal of DNALI1

DNALI1 antibody

70R-3315 50 ug
EUR 467
Description: Rabbit polyclonal DNALI1 antibody raised against the N terminal of DNALI1

DNALI1 Antibody

CAC07502-100ug 100ug
EUR 314
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